#Winamova software skin#

A positive control (containing ADN extracted from Leishmania culture reference strains MHOM/TN/2009/S566) and a negative control to detect contamination (containing water and no DNA) were included in each PCR run. Amplification was performed in a thermocycler (PXE 0.5 Thermal Cycler, Thermo Electron Corporation, Waltham, USA) using 1В cycle at 94В вЊ for 2В min, followed by 35В cycles at 94В вЊ for 1В min, 36В вЊ for 1В min, 72В вЊ for 2В min, and final extension at 72В вЊ for 10В min. The RAPD mixtures were processed in 50В Ојl reactions containing 0.2В mM of each dNTP, 0.3В ОјM primer, 1 U of Taq DNA polymerase (Invitrogen), 10 x buffer (supplied with the enzyme 10В mM Tris-HCl, 1.5В mM MgCl2, 50В mM KCl, pHВ 8.3), and 20В ng of genomic DNA. This isolate exhibited the MON-25 zymodeme, the most common zymodeme of L. Isoenzyme typing of one isolate (MHOM/TN/2009/S566) was conducted at the Leishmania Reference Center of Montpellier, France. major was achieved by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Species identification of all the isolates as L. The Leishmania isolates were divided into five geographical groups comprising those from the Sidi Bouzid Governorate, the Kairouan Governorate and the Gafsa Governorate, and represented by the three delegations, MвЂ™dhila, Metlaoui and Gafsa Center (Table 1). Only individuals aged between 5 and 65В years who gave their written informed consent (or their parents or legal guardians consent in case of minors) were enrolled.

#Winamova software skin#

Each isolate was obtained from a different human subject who had a typical nodulo-ulcerative skin lesion that had healed within few months of appearance after using only local care. Isolates were collected between 20 from areas in central and southern Tunisia where ZCL is endemic. In total, 39 isolates were used in this study. To achieve this we used the genetic markers generated by the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. major isolates from patients who displayed similar clinical features. The present study aimed to investigate genetic variability among L. This information is crucial for showing the biology of this parasite. Several studies have been conducted to identify and type naturally occurring Leishmania parasites to attempt to correlate their genetic diversity with their clinical features such as virulence, pathogenicity and drug resistance. major) are vector-borne obligate endoparasites, adaptation to the internal microenvironment of their long-term residence in the macrophages of their mammalian reservoir hosts, is considered the most significant factor influencing the evolution of this genus. However, because all Leishmania parasites (including L. The clinical pleomorphism of ZCL is associated with multiple factors such as variability in the species or subspecies of Leishmania, host genetic factors or immune status, host-parasite interactions, factors related to environmental upheaval depending on the distribution and density of the respective vectors and reservoirs hosts, transmission pressure, parasite density and the presence of other pathogens. Various clinical presentations have been reported in patients, varying from asymptomatic infections to ulcerative lesions of the skin, which last for many months and may cause disfigurement and stigma. In Tunisia, the disease is distributed mainly in the central and southern parts of the country where it is considered a major public health problem. Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) caused by L.